The improved wear rate of the PCOD-Ti is attributed to the TiC network Produced the best overall results, with a material loss rate 7.5 times lower than untreated Ti andĢ.4 times lower than TO-Ti. When subjected to sliding contact in a 0.9% NaCl solution, the results show the PCOD-Ti TO produces a rutile TiO2 surface film and the PCOD treatment produces a TiC network structure.īoth treatments improve the load bearing capacity with the assistance of an oxygen diffusion zone The TO and PCOD treatments generate very different surface structures: The tests conducted show that a clear benefit can be obtained in terms of the overall material loss rate Load of 20 N to investigate the mechanical and electrochemical response of the surface treatments. Samples were tribological tested in a 0.9% NaCl solution under a contact Titanium was surface modified using thermal oxidation (TO) and pack carburisation with limited Treatments that can be used to enhance the surface properties of Ti. (TO) and pack carburisation with limited oxygen diffusion (PCOD) are just two of the surface Titanium use is limited due to its poor tribological properties, and thermal oxidation The hardened oxygen diffusion layer is beneficial to load-bearing and anti-wear capacity. Formation of the TiC layer remarkably enhances the surface hardness of CP-Ti by 481 %. HIGHLIGHTS Rubberwood charcoal and ash are a new carbon source to fabricate the TiC layer on CP-Ti. Consequently, pack carburization with rubberwood charcoal and rubberwood ash is a promising surface modification technique, which can significantly enhance the surface hardness and increase the load-bearing capacity of CP-Ti for biomedical and tribological applications. The surface hardness of most optimized conditions has remarkably increased by 481 % as compared to untreated CP-Ti (from 175 HV to 1016 HV) due to the TiC surface layer, while the hardened oxygen diffusion layer of about 300 μm in-depth, as clearly seen in the microhardness profiles is useful for increased load-bearing capacity. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer analyses revealed the formation of titanium carbide (TiC) and the existence of oxygen diffusion in the carburized surface. In the present work, pack carburization with rubberwood charcoal and rubberwood ash at 925 ☌ for 6, 12, and 24 h was carried out to improve the surface hardness of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti).

Titanium pourbaix diagram